Prenatal Tests Screening and Diagnostic Options During Pregnancy

Why Prenatal Testing Is Important

Prenatal testing helps confirm healthy development, identify potential genetic conditions, monitor maternal health, guide medical decision-making, and provide reassurance. Most pregnancies progress normally, and many prenatal tests simply confirm healthy growth.

Learn what to expect at prenatal visits and how care is structured throughout pregnancy

Types of Prenatal Tests

Prenatal tests generally fall into two categories: screening tests and diagnostic tests. Understanding the difference can help you feel informed when discussing options with your provider.

Screening Tests

Screening tests estimate the likelihood of certain conditions but do not provide a definitive diagnosis. Screening tests identify whether further diagnostic testing may be appropriate.

Common screening tests include:

• First trimester screening
• Quad screen
• Triple screen
• Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) test
• Non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT)
• Ultrasound evaluations

Learn what first trimester screening involves and what it can detect

Find out what the quad screen tests for and when it is performed

Understand the triple screen test and what your results may mean

Learn about the alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) test and why it is offered

Diagnostic Tests

Diagnostic tests provide more definitive answers but may carry additional risks. Diagnostic testing is typically recommended when screening results indicate increased risk.

Common diagnostic tests include:

• Amniocentesis
• Chorionic villus sampling (CVS)
• Cordocentesis

Learn what amniocentesis involves and when it may be recommended

Find out how chorionic villus sampling (CVS) works and what it can detect

Understand cordocentesis and when this diagnostic test is used

Ultrasound Examinations

Ultrasound is one of the most common prenatal tests. It does not use radiation and is generally considered safe when medically indicated.¹

It is used to confirm due date, assess fetal growth, evaluate anatomy, monitor amniotic fluid, and determine fetal position.

Get a full overview of prenatal ultrasound — what it involves and what it shows

Glucose Screening and Gestational Diabetes Testing

Between 24 and 28 weeks, many providers perform a glucose screening test to assess risk for gestational diabetes. Early detection allows for management strategies that support both parent and baby.

Learn how the glucose tolerance test works and what to expect

Urine and Blood Testing

Routine prenatal care also includes blood typing and Rh factor testing, anemia screening, infection screening, and urinalysis. Blood tests help monitor maternal health and detect treatable conditions.

Find out what urine testing during pregnancy checks for

Biophysical Profile and Non-Stress Test

In later pregnancy, additional monitoring may be recommended to evaluate fetal well-being and movement patterns.

Learn what a biophysical profile involves and when it is ordered

Find out how a non-stress test works and what the results mean

Genetic Counseling

If screening suggests increased risk for a genetic condition, genetic counseling may be recommended. Counselors help explain results, risks, and options in clear terms.

Find out what genetic counseling involves and how it can support your decisions

Are Prenatal Tests Required?

Most prenatal tests are optional. Your provider will explain the purpose of each test, its benefits, potential risks, and alternatives. You have the right to ask questions and make informed decisions.

Routine Prenatal Testing Timeline

See a trimester-by-trimester overview of when common prenatal tests are typically performed

Moving Forward With Confidence

Prenatal testing is designed to support informed care, not create fear. Most results confirm healthy development. When concerns arise, early information allows for planning and support.

Explore fetal growth milestones and what to expect at each stage of development